Groundwater Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert

The rapid expansion of economic activities in Egypt’s Central Eastern Desert has resulted poorly coordinated groundwater development, having a negative impact on the resource. This study was conducted to assess hydrochemical characteristics different aquifers Desert, with an emphasis seawater intrusion and quality for purposes. A total 21 samples were collected representing three main (Eocene Carbonate, Nubian Sandstone, Fractured Basement) analyzed major ions trace elements. majority had electrical conductivity values that exceeded salinity limit natural water. Groundwater saline load is primarily influenced by sodium, calcium, chloride, sulfate concentrations. mainly consists Na-Cl, Ca-Cl, Na-SO4 water-types. Saltwater water-rock interactions via cation exchange minerals weathering are primary controlling factors hydrochemistry. high this renders it unsuitable irrigation or consumption. Additionally, unfit domestic use based hardness values. Furthermore, Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni concentrations investigated exceed allowable limits human Proper mitigation measures adaptation strategies required sustainability Desert.